This unit describes the skills and knowledge required to work with basic information about the human body and to recognise and promote ways to maintain healthy functioning of the body.
This unit applies to any worker who needs to use and interpret information that includes references to client anatomy and physiology.
The skills in this unit must be applied in accordance with Commonwealth and State/Territory legislation, Australian/New Zealand standards and industry codes of practice.
Unit Mapping Information
No equivalent unit
Element Elements describe the essential outcomes. |
Performance Criteria Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. |
1. Work with information about the human body |
1.1 Correctly use and interpret health terminology that describes the normal structure, function and location of the major body systems 1.2 Correctly use and interpret information that relates to the interrelationships between major components of each body system and other structures |
2. Recognise and promote ways to support healthy functioning of the body |
2.1 Review factors that contribute to maintenance of a healthy body 2.2 Evaluate how the relationships between different body systems affect and support healthy functioning 2.3 Enhance quality of work activities by using and sharing information about healthy functioning of the body |
The Foundation Skills describe those required skills (language, literacy, numeracy and employment skills) that are essential to performance.
Foundation skills essential to performance are explicit in the performance criteria of this unit of competency.
Performance Evidence
The candidate must show evidence of the ability to complete tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit, manage tasks and manage contingencies in the context of the job role.
There must be evidence that the candidate has:
Knowledge Evidence
The candidate must be able to demonstrate essential knowledge required to effectively complete tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit, manage tasks and manage contingencies in the context of the work role. This includes knowledge of:
Assessment Conditions
Skills must have been demonstrated in the workplace or in a simulated environment that reflects workplace conditions. The following conditions must be met for this unit:
Assessors must satisfy the Standards for Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) 2015/AQTF mandatory competency requirements for assessors
Links
Companion volumes from the CS&HISC website - http://www.cshisc.com.au
Companion Volume implementation guides are found in VETNet - https://vetnet.education.gov.au/Pages/TrainingDocs.aspx?q=ced1390f-48d9-4ab0-bd50-b015e5485705
1.1. Correctly use and interpret health terminology that describes the normal structure, function and location of the major body systems
1.2. Correctly use and interpret information that relates to the interrelationships between major components of each body system and other structures
By the end of this chapter, the learner should:
When working with people in a medical or care context, it is essential to have a good basic knowledge of the body's systems – this will help you understand conditions and recognise concerning symptoms more easily.
This system consists of the heart, blood vessels and around five litres of blood that it transports around the body. It is responsible for transporting oxygen, hormones, nutrients and waste products around the body. The heart powers this system, pumping the blood which carries the previously mentioned contents at a rate of five litres per minute.
The heart
This is a muscle that is located in the thoracic region, between the lungs. Two-thirds of the heart is on the left side of the body; the top of the heart is connected to the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins – the major blood vessels. It is a four-chambered 'double pump' where the left and right sides function separately – the right side pumps deoxygenated blood and the left side oxygenated blood. Each heartbeat pumps both sides of the heart simultaneously.
Circulatory loops
In the human body, there are two circulatory loops:
Blood vessels
These allow blood to travel from the heart to every area of body and back – they are sized according to how much blood passes through that particular area of the body. Blood travels through a hollow area called the lumen, which is encased in a wall (thin for capillaries and thick for arteries). The blood vessels are lined with endothelium which keeps blood inside of them and prevents the formation of clots
There are three types of blood vessels:
Arterioles are narrow arteries that branch off from the ends of arteries and carry blood to capillaries. They have lower blood pressure as they are greater in number, further from the heart and carry less blood per unit – therefore, the walls are much thinner than arteries. They also use muscle to regulate blood flow.
Precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow into capillaries by reducing blood flow to inactive tissue and directing it towards active tissue.
Venules perform the same function as arterioles but collect blood from capillaries, rather than deposit it.
Functions of the cardiovascular system
Regulation of blood pressure
Normal blood pressure is recommended at 120 over 80mmHg; this level can help to lower the risk of having heart disease or a stroke (sourced from, ‘What is normal blood pressure?’ at Blood Pressure UK: http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Whatisnormal access date: 20.03.2017).
A healthy blood pressure ensures that blood is pumped around the body efficiently, providing energy and oxygen throughout.
Haemostasis
This is where blood clots and forms scabs – it is controlled by the platelets of the blood. Platelets remain inactive until they reach damaged tissue and they change form to a spiky shape and become sticky in order to hang onto damaged tissue. They then release chemicals to produce fibrin, which forms the structure for a blood clot. They will stick together to plug a wound until it can be fully repaired, protecting it from foreign bodies in the meantime.
This system provides oxygen to the cells of the body and removes carbon dioxide from them.
It consists of three major areas:
Nose/nasal cavity
This nasal cavity is the primary tract through which air moves; the nose is made of cartilage, bone, muscle and skin, and protects the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity warms, moisturises and filters air that enters the body before it goes to the lungs. Hairs and mucus trap dust and other contaminants. Exhaled air returns moisture and heat to the nasal cavity before exiting the body.
Mouth
This is the secondary tract through which breathing takes place and is used when extra air is needed. However, it doesn't warm and moisturise air as well as the nose and doesn't filter as well. However, it allows more air to enter the body quicker.
Pharynx
This is the throat and is a muscular funnel that goes from the end of the nasal cavity to the oesophagus and larynx. It contains the epiglottis, which is a flap of cartilage that moves between the trachea and oesophagus, blocking the correct passage, depending if you are eating or not – this prevents choking.
Larynx
This is the voice box and contains vocal cords, the epiglottis and is constructed of cartilage.
Trachea
This is the windpipe and is made of cartilage rings – it connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows passage of air into the lungs – it contains mucus to trap external bodies from reaching the lungs. This mucus is then moved toward the pharynx, where it is swallowed and digested.
Bronchi/bronchioles
This is where the airway splits into two branches, which then spilt into secondary branches (two in the left lung, three in the right lung). Secondary bronchi then spilt into tertiary bronchi and then into bronchioles, which further split until they become less than a millimetre in diameter – these are known as terminal bronchioles and transfer air into the alveoli of the lungs.
Muscle tissue in the bronchi and bronchioles helps regulate airflow – they relax when more air is required (e.g. during exercise) and contract when resting to prevent hyperventilation.
Lungs
The lungs are organs and are surrounded by a pleural membrane to allow expansion and a negative pressure space to allow for passive filling of the lungs as they relax. The left lung is slightly smaller, to accommodate the heart and only has two lobes, comparative to the right lung's three.
They contain around 30 million alveoli, which are tiny cup-shaped structures that allow the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood passing through the capillaries.
Muscles of respiration
There are muscles surrounding the lungs that allow air to be inhaled and exhaled from the lungs. The primary muscle responsible for this is the diaphragm – situated at the floor of the thorax. When it contracts, it moves into the abdominal cavity and allows air to be pulled into the lungs; relaxation of the muscle allows air to flow back out of the lungs. Intercostal muscles between the ribs assist the diaphragm in expanding and compressing the lungs.
Types of respiration
There are two types of respiration:
Homeostatic control of respiration
When the body is resting, it maintains what is called eupnoea – this is a steady breathing rate and happens during rest. When we become active, the body requires more oxygen and is producing more carbon dioxide – therefore, chemoreceptors send signals to the brain which will instruct the body increase its rate and depth of breathing to cope with the situation.
(Source: Understanding the basic anatomy and physiology of the ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/LRRView/7700/documents/5657/)
This is the structure of the body and consists of the bones, muscles, joints and the tendons and ligaments that hold them all together.
The function of it is to:
The skeletal system
There are 206 bones in the human body – the skeletal system of bones and joints as the supporting structure of the body.
Bones are made from calcium-phosphorus, organic matter and water. They are covered in periosteum, a living membrane that houses osteoblasts, which contain bone forming cells. The centre of bone contains marrow, which consists of fat cells, blood vessels and blood cell manufacturing tissue.
Bones can be in one of four shapes:
Joints allow movement and are where two or more bones are held together by ligaments.
There are three types:
There are various types of movement that the bones of these joints can perform:
The muscular system
Muscles provide the contractions and relaxations that move the bones around the joints, working in conjunction with the skeletal system. There are over 500 muscles in the body; they also help maintain the position of the body.
Tendons attach muscle to bone; there are three types of muscles:
The contraction of a muscle shortens it – this is caused by the release of chemicals by the brain and the trigger of a motor nerve. The contraction pulls the bone with it; as this happens, the antagonist muscle relaxes to facilitate the movement – these are known as antagonistic pairs.
The following two diagrams detail all the major bones and muscles in the body:
This system consists of all the glands in the body and the hormones they produce. The glands are controlled by the nervous system and chemical receptors in the blood. They help maintain homeostasis (stable internal condition) by regulation of organ functions. Hormones are responsible for things like metabolism, sexual development and reproductions, mineral and sugar retention, heart rate and digestion.
Hypothalamus
This part of the brain directly controls the endocrine system through the pituitary gland; it is also responsible for various nervous system-related jobs. It contains neurosecretory cells – these are neurons that secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones. These hormones are responsible for the controlled release of things like growth hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.
Pituitary gland
This is a pea-sized piece of tissue connected to the hypothalamus, which releases hormones through blood vessels surrounding it.
It is made of two parts:
Pineal gland
This produces melatonin, to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle – increased production causes feelings of drowsiness.
Thyroid gland
Located at the base of the neck around the lateral sides of the trachea, it produces:
Parathyroid glands
They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) when calcium ion level drop too low – this stimulates the osteoclasts to break down the calcium stores from bones, so they are released into the bloodstream. It also triggers kidneys to return calcium back into the bloodstream.
Adrenal glands
Found above the kidneys, they are made of two layers:
Pancreas
This is a large gland near the stomach which releases glucagon to raise blood glucose levels and insulin to lower them after eating.
Gonads
These are the ovaries (in females) and testes (in males), which produces sex hormones – they determine the respective secondary sex characteristics of adults.
Thymus
Found behind the sternum, it produces thymosins (to develop t-lymphocytes during foetal and child development). During puberty, it becomes inactive and is replaced by adipose tissue.
Other hormone producing organs
This is akin to the electrical wiring system of the body and is comprised of nerves that go from the brain to every part of the body.
Neurons send signals through thin fibres which cause chemicals (neurotransmitters) to be released at junctions known as synapses. These give a command to a cell to behave in a certain way – this whole process takes about a fraction of a millisecond.
Sensory neurons react to stimuli such as light, sound and touch – they then send feedback to the brain through the central nervous system, communicating about the surrounding environment. Motor neurons transmit messages to activate muscles/glands.
Neurons are help in place by glial cells (neuroglia), which also destroy pathogens, remove dead neurons and ensure the signals sent by the brain reach their intended target.
The brain
This soft organ is located inside and protected by the skull – it is the main control centre of the body and contains 100 billion neurons. Along with the spinal cord, it is part of the central nervous system – it is responsible for things like consciousness, memory, decision-making, involuntary and voluntary contractions.
The spinal cord
This is a long, thin column of neurons bundled together – it carries information down and around the body, resulting in conscious movement, as well as reflexes.
Nerves
Nerves are bundles of axons that are information highways – these bundles are known as fascicles and are wrapped in a protective layer called the perineurium; groups of these fascicles are wrapped together to form an entire nerve.
This is made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. In the GI tract, tubes join from the mouth to the anus, so that food and drink which is ingested is digested and leaves the body as faeces, once all useful nutrients have been extracted for use in the body.
These useful nutrients include:
There are bacteria in the GI tract called gut flora that help the digestion process, along with the nervous and circulatory systems.
Food moves through the GI tract via peristalsis (the movement of organ walls), which also allows the contents to be absorbed.
The organs involved in the digestive system include:
Digestive juices include:
This is the body's system for removing urine (made up of waste and excess fluid). For urination to occur, it requires all of the required parts of the urinary tract to work in sequence.
The parts of the urinary tract include:
The kidneys function to:
These are a collection of organs that combine with the purpose of creating new life (making babies). The reproductive organs include genitalia and internal organs, such as the gonads.
The male reproductive system consists of:
The female reproductive system consists of:
The menstrual cycle
This 28-day cycle begins with bleeding of the vagina – this is the lining of the uterus that has been lost. This is known as having a period or menstruation. This continues for around five days. The uterus lining begins to re-grow and an egg cell begins to mature in an ovary. On day 14, the mature egg cell is released into the fallopian tube, towards the uterus (known as ovulation). If the egg is not fertilised by a sperm cell, the lining of the uterus breaks down and the cycle repeats; if it is fertilised, the egg attaches to the lining of the uterus and the woman becomes pregnant.
Fertilisation
When a man ejaculates into a woman's vagina during sexual intercourse, the sperm cells travel to the uterus through the cervix; there, if it meets with an egg, fertilisation happens and an embryo forms from the fertilised egg. This then develops into a foetus and then a baby.
Foetus development
The foetus requires protection, nutrients and oxygen to survive – these are all provided by the mother; it also needs waste products to be removed.
The placenta grows in the wall of the uterus and is connected to the baby via an umbilical cord – it lets substances pass between the blood supplies of the mother and baby via diffusion but never lets the blood mix together.
Birth
After nine months, the baby is fully developed and ready to be born and the cervix relaxes as the uterus wall muscles contract to push the baby out of the body.
Puberty
As a child grows into an adult, they go through puberty (between the ages of ten and 15) – where their reproductive system develops so that they can produce children of their own.
Some of the other changes include:
In males, the following changes happen:
In females, the following changes happen:
This system consists of the skin, the largest organ in the body. It protects the internal parts of the body from damage, prevents dehydration, stores fat and produces hormones and vitamins. By assisting with body temperature and water regulation in the body, it helps maintain homeostasis. It is also the first defence measure against bacteria, viruses and other harmful microbes, as well as ultraviolet radiation.
The skin has receptors that detect heat and cold, pain, pressure and touch.
The components of the skin are:
The anatomy of the integumentary system consists of:
It contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, sensory receptors, collagen and elastin.
Modified from: Integumentary System - About.com Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://biology.about.com/od/organsystems/ss/integumentary_system.htm
This system's primary function is to transport lymph, which is a clear and colourless fluid that contains white blood cells (to fight disease). Lymph helps the body get rid of toxins, waste and other unwanted substances from the body. It also transports fatty acids from the intestines to the circulatory system.
The lymphatic system consists of:
The eye
The eye is composed of three layers:
Another component of the eye is:
The ear
The nose
The mouth
Cells form tissues, tissues form organs and organs combine into organ systems.
Cells
Cells are the building blocks of all organisms (including animals and plants).
An animal cell features a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and vacuole. However, they do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts like a plant cell.
Cells can become specialised to carry out different tasks e.g. the lung lining cells have tiny hairs to move mucus towards the mouth.
Tissues
Tissues are formed by cells with similar structures and functions combining to form a group.
Examples of tissues are:
Organs
Organs of the human body
Organs are made from groups of different tissues, which work together to do a particular job.
Examples of organs are:
Fluid is essential to help our body carry out all its functioning. Our bodies require fluid to hydrate, to transport blood cells around the body and to enable cellular activity to take place. Every action our body carries out will be supported and enabled by fluid.
Electrolytes are minerals in our body fluids; they carry an electric charge which keeps the heart, nerves and muscles functioning as they should; they also help to maintain our blood pH levels. The kidneys help to maintain balance with our electrolyte values, when electrolyte values are not balanced this can damage our health.
Common electrolytes in the body are:
They also help ensure fluid levels inside and outside of cells are in balance; cells can change electrolyte values by drawing more fluid in or eliminating fluid.
Information on electrolytes has been sourced from ‘The Role Of Electrolytes In The Body’ by Sonia Gulati at the following website: (access date: 20.03.2017).
The importance of maintaining pH balance
Our body is affected by changes in pH levels; if our pH levels become too acidic, it decreases our oxygen levels in the blood and creates the right environment for disease. We should maintain an alkaline pH balance to maintain healthy functioning; this is recommended as a pH of 7.35. A high acid pH level will encourage the body to use its store of calcium in the bones to reduce the levels to a more alkaline one.
Information on pH balance has been sourced from ‘Maintain proper pH balance’ at Enviro-Health Tech: http://www.envirohealthtech.com/ph.htm (access date: 20.03.2017).
2.1. Review factors that contribute to maintenance of a healthy body
2.2. Evaluate how the relationships between different body systems affect and support healthy functioning
2.3. Enhance quality of work activities by using and sharing information about healthy functioning of the body
By the end of this chapter, the learner should:
A healthy body is not something that is a given – there need to be basic maintenance strategies to promote health and proper function of all the essential body systems.
Regular exercise should be taken to ensure that the musculoskeletal system is maintained. The recommended amount is at least thirty minutes of moderate intensity per day for young healthy people – of course, as people age, this becomes less possible due to movement and joint problems.
Active exercise
This is where there is voluntary movement and force exerted by the muscles of someone – this includes anything from running, to weight lifting, to standing up.
Passive exercise
This is where there is force exerted on muscles involuntarily e.g. range of motion exercises, performed by a nurse or a physio.
Recommended exercise activities (relative to age and physical condition) include:
Mental exercise
As well as maintaining the condition of your bones, muscles and organs, you also need to take care of the most vital organ of all – the brain.
This involves performing mentally stimulating exercises, and can be very effective at delaying the effects or presentation of Alzheimer's disease and dementia (however, it cannot prevent it).
Examples of mentally stimulating activities include:
Another way of mentally stimulating yourself is to break out of habitual routines. Simply doing daily tasks in a different order, taking different routes, etc. will force you to think about what you are doing, rather than simply living in 'autopilot'.
It is recommended that you have regular check-ups from the age of 20 and above – these can include a variety of tests to make sure that the internal organs and musculoskeletal systems are working correctly.
Some of the tests include:
Eating a healthy diet is essential to maintaining the body's function – it provides energy for all the systems to function efficiently. Eating too much of unhealthy foods can lead to health complications, and even excess amounts of healthy foods (to the point that you take in more calories than your body uses) can lead to complications.
There are four major food groups:
The calorific requirements of an individual are specific to factors such as age, physical activity, gender, height and body type. However, generally, the calorific requirements are 2500 for men and 2000 for women. If you are more physically active, have more muscle or bone mass, or are taller, you require more calories than the average person. The exact amount can be determined by a nutritionist.
If you are deficient in any vitamins or minerals, a good multivitamin can supplement your food intake.
Staying hydrated is also essential, as most of the body is water (60 per cent).
The following table displays the hydration requirements for humans:
Age |
Required water intake (per day) |
||
Infants |
0-6 months |
680ml |
|
6-12 months |
800-1000ml |
||
Children |
1-2 years |
1100-1200ml |
|
2-3 years |
1300ml |
||
4-8 years |
1600ml |
||
9-13 years |
Boys |
2100ml |
|
Girls |
1900ml |
||
14-18 years |
Same as adults |
||
Adults |
Men |
2500ml |
|
Women |
2000ml |
||
Pregnant women |
Extra 300ml as adults |
||
Lactating women |
Extra 600-700ml as adults |
||
Elderly |
Same as adults |
The body needs to maintain a core temperate of between 98 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit (36 to 38 degrees Celsius). The body's temperature is controlled by the hypothalamus, which contains the control and sensory mechanisms for temperature.
Sweating begins at a skin temperature of 37 degrees Celsius – the rate of sweating rises rapidly as it goes above this temperature. The body's heat production remains constant as skin temperature goes up.
If skin temperature drops below 37 degrees Celsius, the body initiates the following to heat up the body:
High blood pressure (hypertension) can cause a heart attack, stroke or kidney failure. Low blood pressure (hypotension) starves the body of oxygen and this can damage heart, brain and other vital organs.
To reduce high blood pressure:
It is important to know how to maintain the body in an overall state of health – this will ensure that medical problems are minimised and intervention via treatment and medication is delayed, if not prevented.
There are various strategies that can be employed; they include:
The body needs the correct food and drink intake in order to function optimally.
It requires (on average) the following intake:
The calorific requirements of an individual are specific to factors such as age, physical activity, gender, height and body type. However, generally, the calorific requirements are 2500 for men and 2000 for women. If you are more physically active, have more muscle or bone mass, or are taller, you require more calories than the average person. The exact amount can be determined by a nutritionist.
If you are deficient in any vitamins or minerals, a good multivitamin can supplement your food intake.
Physical activity is essential to keeping the body functioning in an optimal state and being able to cope with the demands of everyday life.
Examples of physical exercise include:
As detailed in 2.1, staying mentally active is essential to healthy brain function.
Examples of activities include:
Sleep is essential for bodies to heal and function properly the next day. It gives the brain a rest from the demanding physical tasks and ensures that you can think clearly and remain coordinated the next day.
It is recommended that you get at least eight hours of sleep per day for optimal body function (though this may vary depending on individual and situations). Factors that increase the need for sleep include if you are fighting infection, have a low red blood cell count (anaemia) or if you have endured a high level of physical activity. Depression can also affect sleep – causing either more or less of it.
Things like excessive caffeine consumption or consumption too soon before going to bed can negatively affect sleep.
Stress weakens the immune system, leaving cells susceptible to infection. Therefore, minimising and managing stress is important for maintaining a healthy body.
If you feel stressed, the following can help:
By the end of this chapter, the learner should:
All of the body's systems work together in order to maintain a state of optimum health. While each system has its own respective job, they must cooperate and facilitate each other for the body to function and move properly. If one of the systems is not working right, it compromises the rest of the body's ability to function.
For example, without the structure of the skeletal system, the body would collapse and vital organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular system would be crushed and cease to work. The bones also provide protection for these organs and tissues from impacts. Conversely, the respiratory system is beneficial to the production of bone marrow, which creates red blood cells.
The muscular system also provides protection for internal organs, produces heat and maintains correct posture. Without muscles, the bones of the skeletal system would be unable to move – they are attached by tendons.
The cardiovascular system is multifunctional, removing waste, transporting nutrients, fighting disease, maintaining body temperature and carrying blood around the body. It provides homeostasis and, without it, no other system in the body can function smoothly.
The respiratory works with the cardiovascular system to supply oxygen to the body and remove unwanted waste products, as well as regulating pH levels.
The body temperature regulation systems (including integumentary and muscular) are required to maintain homeostasis – if the body becomes too cold or warm, it can seriously damage organs and even cause death if the correct body temperature is not restored to normal relatively quickly.
If the urinary system doesn't function correctly, the blood can become poisoned with waste products and this can even lead to death.
Without the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system could not function and the body would be highly susceptible to infection, which could affect any number of other body systems' ability to function optimally.
The special senses allow us to interpret the world around us and detect danger, so we can react and refrain from harm. They are all connected to the brain, which communicates the appropriate movements and body processes to react to the input from the senses.
Organs are made up of tissues which, in turn, are made from individual cells. Without these, none of the body could exist. If there is a breakdown at cellular level, it poses a huge problem for the tissues and, consequently, the organs.
The endocrine system is responsible for releasing hormones – these trigger responses from the other body systems, including the integumentary, digestive, reproductive and cardiovascular systems. If hormones are not released correctly, it seriously hinders the function of all body systems.
The nervous system contains the brain and is the control centre of the entire body – without this system, noting would function in the body. It receives and sends signals to the entire body to produce voluntary and involuntary actions that keep us alive and allow us to function on every level. It is connected to every system in the body.
Without the digestive system, the body would not be able take in energy to fuel its functions. It relies on the endocrine and cardiovascular systems to digest food and pass nutrients into the body. It is also responsible for excreting waste from the body and this ensures blood is not poisoned and the body can function correctly.
By the end of this chapter, the learner should:
Work activities can be greatly enhanced by using and sharing information about the healthy functioning of the body.
This can be done via effective communication.
It may be necessary to run training programs to educate colleagues about the healthy functioning of the body. This can be a refresher course, or when there is new information or updated treatment options become recommended.
You can also create leaflets and brochures on the relevant information. You can split these into different categories; for example:
The way you can use this information will vary depending on the situation – it can help you make decisions and help you diagnose clients if their body systems are not healthy.
Sharing of information can also be facilitated through visual aids such as posters that you can strategically place around the workplace. Think about when you visit your GP; in the waiting room, there are posters, flyers and brochures about common health problems, explaining the symptoms, treatments and possible actions to take for them (including contact information). This helps educate people by making information freely available and clearly visible in an appropriate setting.
Being aware of the symptoms and treatment options for common health problems, as well as indicators of healthy functioning of the body, can help you deal with more efficiently.
At the end of your Learner Workbook, you will find the Summative Assessments.
This includes:
This holistically assesses your understanding and application of the skills, knowledge and performance requirements for this unit. Once this is completed, you will have finished this unit and be ready to move onto the next one – well done!
These suggested references are for further reading and do not necessarily represent the contents of this unit.
Websites
Information on a healthy blood pressure sourced from, ‘What is normal blood pressure?’ at Blood Pressure UK: http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Whatisnormal
Source: Understanding the basic anatomy and physiology of the ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/LRRView/7700/documents/5657/
Modified from source – Integumentary System - About.com Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://biology.about.com/od/organsystems/ss/integumentary_system.htm
Information on electrolytes has been sourced from ‘The Role Of Electrolytes In The Body’ by Sonia Gulati at the following website:
Information on pH balance has been sourced from ‘Maintain proper pH balance’ at Enviro-Health Tech: http://www.envirohealthtech.com/ph.htm
Our motto is deliver assignment on Time. Our Expert writers deliver quality assignments to the students.
Get reliable and unique assignments by using our 100% plagiarism-free.
Get connected 24*7 with our Live Chat support executives to receive instant solutions for your assignment.
Get Help with all the subjects like: Programming, Accounting, Finance, Engineering, Law and Marketing.
Get premium service at a pocket-friendly rate at AssignmentHippo
I was struggling so hard to complete my marketing assignment on brand development when I decided to finally reach to the experts of this portal. They certainly deliver perfect consistency and the desired format. The content prepared by the experts of this platform was simply amazing. I definitely owe my grades to them.
Get instant assignment help