HLTAlD003 Provide First Aid

STUDENT ASSESSMENT BOOKLET

HLTAlD003 Provide first aid

ASSESSMENT TASK COVER SHEET

Assessment Task 1: Self-paced workbook

What you need to do:

Correctly answer all 30 questions by writing in the space provided. If you require more space, use a blank sheet of paper. Alternatively, you may like to use Microsoft Word and print out your answers to each question.

What you will need:

This is an open book task. You may like to use textbooks or other learning materials to help you complete the answers in this task.
A computer with Internet access (if you would like to use a computer to write your answers).
Self-paced Workbook
ARC Guidelines for Provision of CPR and first aid
First Aid in the Workplace — Code of Practice; Safework Australia http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/publications/pages/first-aid-in-the-workplace

When:

You will need to complete this task in your own time before you come to className.

What you need to submit:

Your completed Self-paced Workbook.

Resubmission

If your assessor identifies that there are incorrect answers, they will talk to you about resubmission. You will need to do one of the following:

Answer the questions that were incorrect in writing.
Answer the questions that were incorrect verbally.

QUESTION 1 — Providingfirst aid

Name three sources of information that you can refer to for accurate and up-to-date first aid advice.
Complete the following sentences that relate to infection control, by filling in the blanks.

All human blood or other body fluids should be regarded as potentially
Cover openandentirely with a waterproof/occlusive
Wear disposable, single use, Nitrile or Neoprene

How often are you required to undergo first aid training to maintain currency of skills and knowledge? Tick the correct answer.

CPR training — every 2 years; First aid training — every 3 years.
CPR training — every 1 years; First aid training — every 3 years.
CPR training — every 1 year; First aid training — every two years.

Answer the following questions relating to duty of care by indicating whether each statement is true or false. Circle the correct answer.

Statement	Circle the correct answer
Once a first aider begins to render first aid assistance, they have a duty of care for the physical wellbeing of the casualty.	TRUE	FALSE
Al trained first aiders have a duty of care to render assistance to a person who is injured or unwell.	TRUE	FALSE
Duty of care means that a first aider provides first aid with 'ordinary' skiil and to the best of their ability.	TRUE	FALSE
An employer may direct a first aider to cease providing first aid.	TRUE	FALSE
It is acceptable for a first aider to hand over to another person, if that person has superior first aid skills.	TRUE	FALSE
A person who is trained as a first aider in the workplace, and receives remuneration for being a designated first aider, has a legal duty of care to provide first aid.	TRUE	FALSE

What should you do if a first aid situation is beyond your skills and limitations? Tick the correct answer.

Try your hardest to provide first aid based on what you think is the correct thing to do.

Do nothing in case you make a mistake.
Seek assistance from trained professionals — for example, emergency services.

What should an organisation do to minimise risks and hazards in the workplace? Tick the four correct answers.

Identify hazards that may result in causing injury.
Make sure every hazard is eliminated no matter what the cost to the workplace.
Assess the type, severity and likelihood of these injuries to determine how great the risk is.
Only manage risks that are determined as 'high risk'.
Provide relevant first aid equipment, facilities and training.
Review first aid requirements regularly or if circumstances change.

Is it necessary to obtain consent for a patient to be treated by an ambulance service in case of emergency? Tick the correct response.

Consent should be obtained where possible; however, medical treatment may be given without consent if a patient is not able to give consent (due to being unconscious).
There is no need to obtain consent, the ambulance service has a duty of care to provide treatment no matter what the circumstances'.
Consent must be obtained in every circumstance.

I-low should privacy and confidentiality be maintained during and after a first aid event? Tick the four correct answers.

You should only tell your close friends about the event.
During a first aid event bystanders should be removed as much as is practicable.
Following the first aid event well-wishers should be told that the patient is doing nicely.
Staff needing to debrief with other colleagues should do so respectfully and confidentially.
Personal information (for example, name and contact details) should only be passed on to people in authority (for example, police and ambulance).
Incident reports should be kept in a secure place, accessible only to authorised people.
Details of all incidents must be discussed at staff meetings.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false in relation to acting respectfully towards a casualty

	Circle the correct answer
The modesty of the casualty must be maintained by ensuring they are covered.	TRUE	FALSE
You should not tell the casualty the details about the extent of their injuries.	TRUE	FALSE
You must respect the right of the casualty to refuse first aid.	TRUE	FALSE
You should treat everyone exactly the same — no matter what their culture.	TRUE	FALSE
If you think the person has done something stupid that resulted in their injuries you should tell them so they don't do it again.	TRUE	FALSE

What is the name of the council that develops and publishes guidelines regarding resuscitation requirements? Fill in the blanks.

QUESTION 2 — Psychological impact

Emergency situations may cause significant psychological impact on witnesses, families and staff.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false relating to how the body reacts to stress.

Statement	Circle the correct answer
Everyone deals with stress in different ways.	TRUE	FALSE
Sometimes the stress reaction is so great that symptoms last a long time and may interfere with daily life.	TRUE	FALSE
Due to the immaturity of a child's brain they will not be susceptible to psychological impact.	TRUE	FALSE
In a workplace, stress may be alleviated before and during the event by planning and training for emergency situations (for example, evacuation drills).	TRUE	FALSE
After an incident, formal or informal debriefing by a qualified professional should be offered to all people involved in the situation.	TRUE	FALSE
Once staff have been given debriefing they will not suffer further psychological impact.	TRUE	FALSE
It is okay for staff to take time off after an incident to allow time for rest and relaxation and recovery.	TRUE	FALSE

List five common symptoms of stress reaction.

QUESTION 3 —Aims and priorities offirst aid

What are the aims of first aid?

Preserve

Protect the

Prevent the Condition

Promote

Seek

List the steps in the 'Chain of survival' in their correct order in the box below.

Step Number	Step in the Chain of Survival
Step 1
step 2
Step 3
Step 4

What is meant by the Primary Survey'? Tick the correct answer.

The first time a first aider looks at the casualty.
Life threatening first aid response is conducted first using DRS ABCD.
The first aider is to check for breathing first.
Severe bleeding is controlled before other first aid response.

Complete the following DRSABCD chart by filling in the blanks.

Basic Life Support Flow Chart

D Check for to and

R Check for

S Send for

A Open the

B Check for. If not breathing normally start

C Commence . Give chest compressions (_ compressions per second) followed by

D Attach as soon as available and follow its prompts.

Continue CPR

QUESTION 4 — Airways

When maintaining an open airway in an infant, the head should be kept in a neutral position, rather than tilting back the head as you would for an adult or older child. Select the answer below that best describes this.

In an infant the nasal passage, trachea and windpipe are much narrower than in adults and older children.
The trachea is very soft and can be distorted if the head is tilted backwards.
The head should be supported in a neutral position with the mouth kept open with support on the chin.
There should be no pressure on the soft tissue of the neck.
All of the above.

The backward head tilt and chin lift is used for adults and older children. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.

Statement	Circle the correct answer
As muscles are relaxed in an unconscious person, the tongue and other soft tissues may block the airway.	TRUE	FALSE
Without the head tilted back, the mouth will tend to fall open which may block the airway.	TRUE	FALSE
In this position the casualty is less likely to vomit.	TRUE	FALSE
It is more comfortable for the casualty.	TRUE	FALSE
This position assists to keeps the airways open.	TRUE	FALSE

QUESTION 5 — Breathing

What are the three ways you should always check for breathing?
An unconscious, breathing person should be put in which position. Tick the correct answer.

On their back with the head tilted back.
In the recovery position.
On their back with the head in a neutral position.

QUESTION 6 — Compressions and CPR

Explain how you should locate the correct place for CPR chest compressions.
What should you change about your CPR technique if a patient is under 12 months old?
At what rate should the compressions be delivered every minute? Tick the correct answer.

60 per minute.
100 per minute.
120 per minute.

Provide two examples of when you would cease CPR on a patient.
What should you do if a casualty vomits during CPR?

QUESTION7 —AED

What is an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)? Tick the correct response.

An AED is a portable device used to detect breathing.
An AED is a portable device used in hospitals to check for injuries.
An AED is a portable device that is able to diagnose cardiac rhythm.
An AED is a device found in ambulances to diagnose injuries and illness.

Does a person have to be trained to operate an AED? Tick the correct response.

Yes, training is essential before operating an AED.
No, whilst it is preferable that a person has been trained; a PAD (public access defibrillator) may be operated by an untrained person.

The following statements relate to using AEDs on children. Indicate whether each statement is true or false.

STATEMENT	Circle the correct answer
An adult AED may not be used on children under nine years of age.	TRUE	FALSE
Pads on a AED with paediatric capability are placed on a child in exactly the same position as on an adult.	TRUE	FALSE
The pads on an AED must be placed so they do not touch.	TRUE	FALSE
It is possible to place the pads with one on the back and one on the chest if necessary for better positioning.	TRUE	FALSE
An AED may be used on a child under 12 months old.	TRUE	FALSE

QUESTION 8 — Infection control

List four infection control measures that you should take when administering first aid.

QUESTION 9 — Secondary survey

What is the secondary survey, when do you need to conduct it and what do you need to check?

What:

When:

Check:

QUESTION 10 — Loss of consciousness

Which of the following may cause a loss of consciousness in a casualty? Tick the correct answer.

Lack of blood circulation.
Lack of oxygen in the blood.
Problems with metabolism — for example, from diabetes or poisoning.
Problems with nervous system — for example, head injury, epilepsy.
All of the above.

Explain how you would check for a response in someone who may be unconscious?
Answer the following questions relating to head injury by indicating whether the statement is true or false.

Statement	Circle the correct answer
A casualty who has been unconscious for only an very short time does not need to be assessed by a medical practitioner as long as they do not have any other symptoms.	TRUE FALSE
A casualty who did not lose consciousness, however complains later of blurred vision must seek urgent medical advice.	TRUE FALSE
Concussion may lead to brain swelling and bleeding within the skill and casualties must therefore be watched carefully.	TRUE FALSE
Cerebral compression refers to a compression bandage placed around the head following a head injury.	TRUE FALSE
Aspirin should not be given following a head injury.	TRUE FALSE

QUESTION — First aid management procedures, signs and symptoms

In the following table, tick three signs and symptoms (Column 1) and three first aid procedures (Column 2) for each injury/illness.

(Note: There may be more than three correct answers given.)

Possible signs and symptoms	First Aid procedures
a) Severe abdominal injury in a conscious patient.
Pain at site of injury/nausea and/or vomiting. Severe headache. Shock. Rigidity/distension of the stomach. Flaccid stomach. Difficulty breathing normally/grunting. Euphoria. Dark and smelly stools, dark brown urine. Protruding intestines.	DRSABCD. Call 000. Do not allow casualty to lie down — sit with both knees drawn up for pain relief — assess injury. Lie casualty down— draw up both knees for relief of pain and spasm — assess injury. Attempt to replace visible intestines — control bleeding and bind wound tightly. Do not attempt to replace visible intestines — control bleeding and cover wound. Bind wound tightly. Loosen tight clothing. Place ice on wound and keep patient as cool as possible. Cover patient with a blanket but do not overheat. Do not allow casualty to eat, drink or smoke.
b) Superficial frost bite.
Numbness to area/prickling pain to the affected area. Skin is white or a mottled blue colour. Skin is dark blue to black. Skin feels hard. Skin feels flaccid. Impaired movement of affected body part.	Call 000. Get the person out of the cold/move into sheltered area. Do not move the person. Cover with blankets to reheat body. Remove clothing from affected area. Keep clothing in place — do not remove from affected area. Rewarm the affected area as soon as possible but slowly. Use body heat or water no more than 42 degrees Celsius to bring the affected area back to normal temperature. Do not rub the tissue, do not use radiant heat. Heat the affected area immediately raising body temperature as quickly as possible. Use as much heat as the patient is able to withstand. Elevate affected limbs to reduce pain and swelling.
c) Crush injuries — heavy equipment falls on a casualty trapping and crushing them. The casualty is conscious.
N/A	Check for Dangers. Ensure area is safe to perform first aid/Call 000. If it is safe and physically possible, remove heavy equipment as soon as possible. Do not remove the crushing force — leave until emergency crew arrives. Treat any bleeding and keep casualty warm and comfortable. Use a tourniquet to prevent toxins from building-up in the body. Do not use a tourniquet for crush injuries.
d) Diabetes — a moderately severe hypoglycaemia attack in a conscious patient.
Weak, light-headed and/ or giddy/mental confusion. Flushed, dry skin. Fruity smell on the breath. Cold, pale, moist skin. Slow pulse. Rapid pulse.	DRSABCD. Give easily absorbed carbohydrate — for example, honey, jelly beans etc. Give the patient insulin. Give the patient 'diet' drink containing artificial sweetener. Supervise until recovered.
Consciousness deteriorating.	Seek medical assistance.
e) Dislocation of a finger.
Numb finger. Pain in the joint. Disfigured joint. Loss of function. Able to use finger but use causes pins and needles.	Attempt to pop the joint back into place. Do not attempt to correct the dislocation/ check for circulation. Use RICE technique. Do not use ice as this will cause too much pain. Immobilise in a position that is most comfortable. Check for circulation.
f) Near drowning where the casualty is found not breathing in the water.
Not breathing. Lungs will always be full of water/vomit. Vomiting. Distended stomach.	Follow DRSABCD and call 000 as soon as possible. Remove patient from water if possible. Do not attempt to rescue a drowning victim from water beyond own swimming ability. Roll onto back during initial checking and clearing of the airway — check for breathing, Roll onto side during initial checking and clearing of the airway — check for breathing. Push on the stomach to assist with regurgitation of swallowed water. Do not attempt to empty stomach if distended.
g) Heat exhaustion in conscious patient.
Exposure to high temperature. History of overwork and late nights. Heat cramps — severe muscle pain, particularly in legs and abdomen. Heat cramps — severe muscle pain, particularly in chest, arms and shoulders. Faintness/dizziness/weakness. Vomiting/ diarrhoea.	Remove casualty from source of heat and keep in the shade. Place in a bath of ice, or cover with ice to reduce temperature as quickly as possible. c Remove excess clothing and loosen clothing and lie the casualty down. Encourage casualty to drink as much water as possible. Give casualty sips of water. Apply cool face washer or spray with an atomiser spray and cool by fanning. Keep casualty moving so they do not go to sleep.
h) Heat stroke in a conscious patient.
Exposure to high temperature. Hot flushed dry skin. Hot sweaty skin. Headache. Very weak pulse. Strong pounding pulse. Noisy breathing. Very shallow quiet breathing.	Call 000. Remove all clothing immediately and rig up shade — do not move casualty. Move casualty to cool/ shady environment and remove all unnecessary clothing. Moisten the skin with a cool moist cloth or spray bottle. Apply ice packs to groin, neck and armpits. Wash gently with warm face washer or spray.
i) Foreign particle in the eye.
Very dry, itchy eye. Watering eye. Staring gaze. Constant blinking or unable to open eye. Swollen, red eyes. Headaches.	Sit the patient down looking towards the light and try to locate the particle by examining eye and lids. Ask casualty to rub eye hard to attempt to remove foreign particle. Remove any object penetrating from the eye with tweezers. If object is visible remove with corner of damp cloth. If unable to remove — or can't find it, provide eye wash with sterile saline or clean water. If unable to remove, cover with gauze dressing and tell them to leave it on for 48 hours. If not better by then, see medical practitioner.
j)Bleeding from the ear.
N/A	Call 000 immediately as bleeding from the ear is always caused by fracture of the skull. Assist the casualty into a position of most comfort. This is usually a sitting or lying position. Bleeding from the ear, if there is no clear fluid evident, is never serious — place sterile dressing on the ear and casualty can resume normal activities. If available, place eardrops in affected ear and plug with cotton wool. Lightly cover with a sterile dressing, or clean pad. Do not plug the ear. Tilt the head with bleeding ear uppermost so that too much blood is not lost.
k) Cuts and abrasions on legs .and knees from falling onto asphalt.
	Clean the wound with sterile gauze and apply antiseptic. Scrub any embedded dirt to remove from wound. If there is embedded dirt clean as well as possible then apply a surfactant antiseptic. c Leave wound uncovered so that it dries out. Cover wound with non-stick sterile dressing. Apply a tourniquet.
l) Someone has stepped on a used hypodermic needle.
	Do not wash wound so studies can be done for infectious diseases. Wash wound immediately with soapy water — or alcohol-based hand rub. Arrange for casualty to go straight to hospital or doctor for blood tests. Place band aid on wound and advise casualty to visit the doctor as soon as possible if they experience any signs of illness. Contact user of the needle if known to arrange for them to undergo blood tests.
m) Exposure to cold — hypothermia.
Exposure to extreme cold. History of feeling cold and having bad circulation. Complaints of coldness and tiredness/physical and mental lethargy/slurred speech, shivering. Patient mistakenly thinks they are too hot and may attempt to remove clothing. Pale, cool skin. Slow irregular pulse and high blood pressure. Very fast pulse with low blood pressure. Muscle stiffness.	DRSABCD. Move casualty from cold environment and lie patient flat. Give a tot of rum or whiskey. Keep casualty moving to warm their body. Do not remove wet clothing under any circumstances. Cover with dry, warm blankets. Remove sources of heat loss —eg contact with cold surfaces, wind, wet clothes (only if there are dry blankets or suitable covers around). Give warm drinks (not alcohol).
	Apply a source of external heat such as heat pack or body to body contact.
n) Shock.
Dizziness, confusion and deterioration of consciousness, nausea or vomiting — possible collapse. A casualty in shock will never vomit. Muscle weakness, restlessness and possibly anxiety. Thirst. Shortness of breath with very slow breathing. Cold sweaty skin that may appear pale — complains of feeling cold. Hot, dry itchy skin that appears reddened. Rapid breathing.	Control any bleeding with direct pressure. Ensure the casualty is comfortable preferably lying down with legs elevated. Make comfortable, ensuring the legs are lower than the heart. Ask casualty to breath into a brown paper bag. Provide oxygen if available and trained to do so. Keep casualty very cool. DRSABCD — If unconscious, follow basic life support chart. Give alcoholic drink.
o) Stroke.
Facial weakness, arm weakness and speech difficulty. Severe chest pain. Droopy mouth on both sides of the face. Numbness, paralysis of the face, arm or leg. Difficulty speaking or understanding and difficulty swallowing. Talking uncontrollably — highly agitated. Dizziness, loss of balance/visual disturbances. Severe and abrupt onset headache.	DRSABCD — provide oxygen if available and trained. Place casualty in a cool bath. Stay with the casualty and provide reassurance. Loosen tight clothing and assist casualty to rest in half sitting position. Give casualty a nice cup of tea. Do not give anything to eat or drink.
p) Epileptic seizure.
Jerking movements of the head, arms and/or legs which may result in loss of consciousness. Controlled rhythmical movements of arms, legs or body. Salivation/frothing of the mouth. Lucid memory of the seizure after it has finished. Possible loss of bladder and bowel control. Confusion.	DRSABCD. Ensure the casualty is not in danger. Remove objects which may cause injury and use pillows to soften surfaces if possible. Put something in the person's mouth so they do not swallow their tongue. Restrain the casualty so they cannot hurt themselves.
	Lay the casualty down and turn victim on the side as soon as possible when the seizure is over. Give the casualty honey or jelly beans as they recover. Reassure casualty following seizure, explaining what has happened to them.
q) Heart attack.
Severe squeezing type pain in the chest area only. Pain or discomfort in any or all of chest, neck, throat, jaw, shoulders, back, arms, wrists and/ or hands — tightness, heaviness, fullness or squeezing. Flushed appearance with dry skin. Pale skin/sweating. Shortness of breath/nausea or vomiting. Dizziness or light-headedness. Drooping mouth.	DRSABCD. Encourage casualty to stop what they are doing and rest in comfortable position. Ask casualty to walk around slowly to find out whether the pain worsens. Assist casualty with prescribed medication that may assist such as angina table, oral spray etc. Leave casualty so that you can meet the ambulance and tell them about the condition of the casualty. Administer oxygen therapy if trained to do so. Offer the casualty a cup of tea.
r) Suspected spinal injury.
Pain in the injured area with tingling and numbness in limbs and area below injury. Casualty totally unable to move arms and legs. Erection in unconscious male. Tingling in the spinal area above location of the injury. Nausea/headache/dizziness. Uncontrolled bleeding. Loss of limb functions and/or head or neck in abnormal position. Loss of bladder or bowel control.	DRSABCD. Support head and neck. Do not give resuscitation unless you can do so without moving the casualty. Give sugary drink or jelly beans. Handle casualty carefully to ensure harm minimisation. Move casualty into the recovery position with head turned to the side in case of vomiting.
s) Febrile convulsion.
Epileptic type seizure in child aged under 12. Epileptic type seizure in child aged under 4. Hot and sweaty skin which is flushed. Cold dry skin which is pale. Rolling or upturned eyes — may develop projectile vomiting. Caused by fever, such as cold, throat infection or urinary tract infection. Caused by over-heating (for example, sitting in the sun for too long).	Remove unnecessary clothing. Wrap child up in blanket to keep warm. Turn onto side to protect airway. Pick child up and hold tight so the child is not injured. Seek urgent medical advice if convulsion lasts longer than 10 minutes.

Question 12 — Bites, stings and poisons

Pressure immobilisation treatment (PIT) is often used to treat bite and stings — however in some cases it is not recommended. In the table below, identify the type of animal and answer whether the pressure immobilisation technique should be used to treat the sting or bite of this creature.

		Suitable for PIT treatment? (Circle the correct response)
		YES	NO
		YES	NO
		YES	NO

Types of animal or insect

Suitable for PIT treatment?

(Circle the correct response)

YES NO

Where can you obtain authoritative first aid advice about poisons? Tick the correct two answers.

Ask your work colleague
National Poisons Information Centre
Safety data sheet
Local library

Answer the following questions about poisons by indicating whether the statements are true or false.

Statement	Circle the correct answer
A child who has swallowed sleeping pills who is conscious but drowsy should be made to vomit.	TRUE	FALSE
Vomit should be sent with the patient for analysis at the hospital, particularly as the source of the poison is not known.	TRUE	FALSE
Mouth to nose technique is the most effective method of ventilation where there may be poison around the mouth of the casualty.	TRUE	FALSE
Milk or ice cream should be given to people who have swallowed corrosives.	TRUE	FALSE
People who have swallowed non-corrosive poison should be given a glass of salty water to take to induce vomiting.	TRUE	FALSE

QUESTION13 — Fractures

A greenstick fracture is... (tick correct response)

Most likely to occur in an adult.
Most likely to occur in a child.
Most often caused by falling from trees.
Where the bone breaks all the way through.

Indicate whether the following fractures present a risk of infection. Circle the correct answer— Yes or

Types of fracture	Risk of infection
Fracture where the skin around the fracture is not broken	YES NO
Fracture where the bone protrudes through the skin	YES NO

What is a 'complicated' fracture? Tick the correct answer.

A fracture where the bone breaks in more than one place.
Fractures that involve injuries to other organs and/or nerves as a result of the fracture.
A fracture where medical assistance is not available.
All of the above.

What are the signs and symptoms of someone who may have a fracture? Tick the correct answer.

Pain and tenderness at affected area.
Difficulty to move injured part or impossible to move.
Loss of power.
Protruding bone.
Deformity.
All of the above.

The following table lists the steps in managing a fracture. Put these steps in the correct order by placing numbers in the box next to each step

Steps to manage a fracture	Step number
Check circulation and nerve function.
Stop movement.
Immobilise injury at the joints above and below the fracture.
Stop bleeding.
DRSABCD.
Make the patient comfortable.
Immobilise injury above and below the fracture site.

In the case of a fracture to the arm, how often should the casualty's pulse be taken? Tick the correct answer.

Every 2 minutes.
Every 5 minutes.
Every 10 minutes.
Every 15 minutes.
There is no need to take a pulse.

QUESTION 14 — Vital signs

What is the normal body temperature for an adult when the temperature is täken orally? Tick the correct answer.

37 degrees C.
36.5 degrees C.
27 degrees C.
35 degrees C.

What is the normal resting heart rate range for a four year old child (beats per minute)? Tick the correct answer.

60—80 beats per minute.
80—100 beats per minute.
100-120 beats per minute.

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult (beats per minute)? Tick the correct answer.

60—80 beats per minute.
80—100 beats per minute.
100—120 beats per minute

QUESTION 15 — Asthma and Anaphylaxis

In the table below, list four common triggers for anaphylaxis (Column 1) and four common signs of anaphylaxis (Column 2).

Trigger	Signs of anaphylaxis

The following table lists the steps in managing a casualty with an anaphylaxis reaction. Put these steps in the correct order by placing numbers in the box next to each step.

Step to manage an anaphylaxis reaction	Step Humber
Call ambulance.
Prevent further exposure to the triggering agent.
Administer further adrenalin if no response within five minutes.
Administer adrenalin (auto injector).
Make the patient comfortable.

Which items from the following list are possible triggers of asthma?

Colds and flu/illness.
Cigarette smoke.
Exercise.
Inhaled allergens (pollens, moulds, animal dander, dust mites).
Environmental factors (dust, pollution, wood smoke, bush fires).
Changes in temperature and weather.
Medications.
Chemicals and strong smells.

Emotions — laughter, stress etc.
Some foods and food preservatives.

All of the above.

Which items from the following list are signs/symptoms of asthma? Tick 4 correct answers.

Dry, irritating cough/chest tightness.
Bleeding from the nose.
Shortness of breath/wheezing.
Hives, welts and redness over body.
Pale and sweaty skin.
High fever.
Blue discolouration around the lips.

How should asthma medication be administered when suffering an asthma attack?

Ten puffs of medication with four breaths in between each puff — administered every four minutes until improved.
Four puffs of medication with one breath in between each puff — administered every ten minutes until improved.
Four puffs of medication with four breaths in between each puff — administered every four minutes until improved.

What document should you refer to when treating someone for asthma or anaphylaxis?
What sort of information would you expect to find on an asthma or anaphylaxis action plan? Tick the correct answer.

Patient's certain triggers.
Symptoms of an 'attack'.
What to do in an emergency. Medications prescribed.
Current photo.
All of the above.

QUESTION 16- RICE

What does the acronym RICE stand for?
When should you use the RICE technique?
How long should an ice compress be applied for? Tick each correct answer.

Until the pain has gone.
20 minutes every 2 hours for up to 24 hours.
40 minutes every 4 hours for up to 48 hours. 30 minutes every 3 hours for up to 12 hours.

QUESTION17 — Bleeding

There are three types of bleeding — arterial, venous and capillary. Draw a line to join each bleeding type with its description.

Type	Description
Arterial	Blood oozes from wound
Venous	Dark red blood flows from wound
Capillary	Bright red blood spurts from wound

What is the correct treatment for nose bleed? Tick the correct answer.

Sit with head forward, apply direct pressure for 10 — 30 minutes, apply cold pack to back of neck
Sit with head forward, apply direct pressure for 10 minutes only, ask patient to blow their nose to check whether bleeding has stopped
Sit with head forward, apply direct pressure for 10 minutes only, place hot compress to back of neck

QUESTION 18 — Burns

Which of the following burns are considered to be serious requiring urgent medical care? Tick each correct answer.

Deep burns.
Superficial burns involving 9% of the body for an adult and 5% for a child. Superficial burns involving 5% of the body for an adult and 3% for a child.
Superficial burn of the index finger on a 10 year old child.
Superficial burn to the genitalia of a 30 year old woman.
Burns to the airway, hands, feet and armpits.
Inhalation burns.
Superficial burn to the right leg between the top of the calf and groin on an adult.

When assessing the amount of body area involved in a burn, what percentage is the body divided up into sections of?
If someone has burns to their head and neck, how much of their body has been burned?
If someone has burns to the lower and upper halves of each leg, how much of their body has been burned?
Someone you work with has spilled boiling water over their body, for how long should you irrigate the affected area? Tick the correct answer.

30 minutes.
10 minutes.
15 minutes.
20 minutes.

A workmate has suffered a chemical burn. Indicate by circling the correct answer whether the following statements are true or false.

Statement	Circle the correct answer
Using bare hands, remove contaminated clothing from casualty.	TRUE FALSE
Immediately run cool tap water directly onto the area for at least 20 minutes.	TRUE FALSE
If burn is caused by bitumen, remove bitumen from skin as soon as possible to save from further burns.	TRUE FALSE
Refer to MSDS or instructions on container for specific treatment (if available).	TRUE FALSE
Statement	Circle the correct answer
Tell all your workmates what has happened so they can come and provide encouragement to the casualty.	TRUE FALSE

QUESTION 19 — Handing over to health professionals

To assist in providing a quick and accurate handover to health care professionals, the IMIST and AMPLE acronyms can help remind you what to cover. What do they stand for?

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