301022 Advanced Computer Aided Engineering-Features Assessment Answer

Answer:

The project design includes SCEM 3-D Printing Lab Makerspace that is in need of shredder. The shredder is a mechanical device used for cutting files into many pieces. This shredder can be used for recycling polymer and metal materials by producing a 3-D printing method. This 3-D printing is a green color one. The materials of metal can be plastics wires extrusion which is used again in an extruder. The green 3-D printing system states that shredder is a component of mechanics used in cutting, grinding and devastating the materials into separate minor parts which will occupy the extruder. After the shredding process is completed, the small parts are moved to the compartment where heat is generated.

The parts size can be around 6 *6 millimeter. The dissimilarities in the ending product is eliminated by dimension stability of the parts of the materials. There are three main parts of the shredder namely shredder and gear drive-based speed reducer, belt drive or chain drive and electric motor. The role of shredder is to decrease the speed by getting power from the motor by the rotating shaft, by transmitting the power by use of device components and to provide the power at the lower speed. Shredder can work for six hours per day for about ten years of life span. The work of shredder is smooth and can work at the rate of less than 2 kilogram per hour. Running speed is around 59 rpm and torque of more than 450 N-m. The productivity of the shredder can be achieved around 90%.

1. Aim 

The main aim of this design project is to design a shredder of small type which is a mechanical device for the sake of practice and to complete design. Using the gear devices the shredder must be designed. The shredder is nothing but the device used for the purpose of recycling the thermoplastic materials. The thermoplastics materials such as polyactic acid which is a type of polymers and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are used. The shredder is designed by the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) design. Not only thermoplastics but also polymers and metals can be shredded.

The shredders are the device which cuts the files or any documents into small pieces for not to read the content. There are many types of shredder but here we use only the shredder with the gear device. The shredder may be mini shredder, mini shredder with hopper, etc. The process of recycling is the main part of the shredder design. The shredder design must be a hand powered mini shredder having the gear component. Another purpose of this project is to make the space between the theories and practical uses of the Finite element technique and the finite element analysis small by Computer Aided Engineering (CAE).

 2. Objectives

• The objective of this project is to design a small size shredder with gear devices using the Computer Aided Design (CAE). The shredder is developed for the purpose of reprocessing the plastic materials such as thermoplastics.
• For the purpose of design practice and for the completion of design loops shredder is designed.
• Shredder can be of many kinds. They are mini shredder, mini shredder with hopper, etc. here we go for the shredder with gear component.
• Most important part of designing a shredder for reusing process. Generally shredder is the device for shredding that is cutting the files into small pieces. In this design we use plastics materials to cut.
• Green 3-D printing is used for the process of the recycling. This helps in reprocessing the metals and plastic materials.
• This flexible materials are reprocessed and reused, these are the waste products which is again used for many applications.
• The shredder has some advantages over recycling method. It has a speed reducer for decreasing the speed when receiving the power and transmitting the power from device and at last when providing the power at very little amount of speed 

a. Design

A machine that is utilized for lessening the extent of a wide range of materials is called shredder, it comes in numerous assortments of plan and in various sizes. There are 3 sorts of shredder. Type 1 Shear Shredder, Type 2 Shredder and Type 3 Shredder. The shredder designed in this work is a type 2 shredder

 b. CAD Modelling

CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. It is used to made technical illustrations& precision drawings. These illustrations and drawings are made by engineers, artists and architects. By using CAD, one could create 2D (two dimensional) and three dimensional (3D) models. Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems are efficient to several business products, ranging at every day sports-ware, consumer products, computers, complex parts (automobiles) and equipment. CAD application software is used many sectors. The mechanical products manufacturing industries mostly used the CAD for designing. By using CAD, this sector covers entire applications like wire EDM, punching, turning and milling. The fashion designing industry used the CAD software for cutting patterns, fabric laying, pattern design and Lay planning etc. The CAD verification tools are ITI CAD/IQ and Present designQA. The CAD provided the output for the RPD (rapid Prototyping Machines) in the form of STL. Technology is used for Bid packages, patterns for casting, Design intent communication and concept validation.

 Benefits of CAD modelling

• It makes the simple documentation process.
• It has option to redraw the design automatically.
• IT provides the best quality of design.
• The designer productivity is increased by using the CAD.
• It requires low cost. The cost is needed only for software.
• The drawings and data are saved by CAD.
• The design process time is reduced.
• It provides better visualization to clients.

Applications of CAD

• Surface modelling
• Drafting
• Detailing
• Reverse engineering
• Solid modelling

c. FE Modelling

The FEM (Finite Element Modelling) is used in mechanical systems. It is a dominant discretization technique. This technique is used in Structural Mechanics. It is used to calculate the stiffness metrics and mass in the compliant and dynamic analysis.it is also used to calculate the deformations due to pressure, thermal and inertia loads. The finite Element Modelling is used to calculate the stress enquiry of bones. It used to recognize bone, assessment of fracture risk, remodeling and designing of fracture fixation. It examined the stresses in the adult human femur (Anon, 2017). The FEM (Finite Element Model ) is examined with the inherently better precision, because the load, actual shape, constraints and material property combinations also specified with much better accuracy than hand calculations.

Features of FE modelling

• It has ability to Communicating  3D graphical user interface (RAPID GUI)
• It provides automatic collection of sets for charging.
• It has ability to calculate the gas pressure, inertial and thermal deformations.
• It is used to calculate the properties of temperature dependent material.
• It provides the liner models and complete piston
• It has the inertia break for static models.
• One could use the built-in translators, that is available at the FE packages
• BY using FEM, one could provide the pressure load for cylinder head.

d. De-featuring in FEA

DE featuring in FEA of the Computer Aided Design (CAD) model can reduce the number of elements, to raise the robustness of meshing, and reduce the period essential to mesh the model. Appreciation and defeat of features that might cause the meshing problems becomes hard at the BRep level. Though, it developed apparent that to accomplish a high level of meshing achievement, extra forms of DE featuring are wanted. Afterward doing exploration on Computer Aided Design models that can unsuccessful to mesh, more causes are identified for meshing disappointments. Maximum the meshing are unsuccessful happened while meshing the aspects of the CAD models. These included very small distance edges as associated to the whole face, tangencies among two edges at a common vertex, and edges that are coincident.

e. Assumptions in FEA

The following assumptions are

1. Model geometry
2. Material Properties-  It includes Failure Criterion, Factor of safety
3. Materials and the Property Definitions
4. Mesh(s)- It includes Element type, size, degree
5. Source (Load) Cases- which includes Factors of safety, Combined cases, Coordinate system
6. Boundary conditions- Coordinate system(s)
7. Choosing an Appropriate Physics
8. Geometry
9. Meshing Basics
10. Modeling Idealizations
11. Idealizations and Element Types

f. Decision Making Process in FEA

The finite element analysis of decision making process explains the process of Shredder Design. The Architects  are  essential to  make design  decisions  inside the  different scales  through  the  design  process. The Mass models  are  extensively  needed  in  architectural  design  to  improve  an  knowledge of understanding  the relationships  and connections of  the  design  within backgrounds.  These  models  are much needful in detecting  the consequences of  the  design on  its  environments and  simplify the  design of decision making  process in macro scale  for  designers  as  well  as  town  designers.  In the architectural scheme workshops, students are usually required to do a detailed investigation of the project zone and to form physical mounted mass representations prior to making decisions in micro scale. 

4. Results and Discussion

The shredder is designed. All the parts of the shredder are well studied. The design parameters are extracted from standard design books of agricultural shredder. The parts are shown below.

Conclusions

Shredder design will be studied. The back ground technical details of the shredder design will be studied. Various parts of the shredder are studied from various academic sources. All those parts are designed and drawn. Various parts of the shredder are shown in the previous chapters. A complete shredder diagram is drawn. The shredder is designed as per requirement. It is designed to perform the recycling process. It recycled the thermoplastics. It is designed by using CAD. The FE and CAD modelling are used. The FE analysis also provided. The Design process of Shredder is discussed. The Shredder is designed by using all the 3D modelling practices.

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