Bsc100: Building Blocks For Science Assessment Answer
Answer:
Introduction
The response time to any external stimuli by any human being are of two types – Reaction time and Movement time (1). Reaction time indicates the time taken by a human being to react to any external stimuli and movement time indicates the total reaction time (2). A lot of studies has been conducted on the response time of stimuli. The effect of different factors on the on the response time of human being have been evaluated with the help of a lot of studies. These studies involve factors such as modality of the stimulus, intensity of the stimulus, the period before the stimulus, gender of the participants, alternatives of the response of the stimulus and the location of the stimulus (3). A simple reaction time task involves only one stimuli whereas, with more than one stimuli, the task is known as the choice reaction task (4). In case of a simple reaction type task, there is occurrence of only one stimuli and the required response is also the same all the time (5). This study will be based on the simple reaction time task only.
Thus, it can be said that a lot of factors are there that can affect the reaction time taken by a human to respond to any external stimulus. Now these external stimuli can be of various types. This study is mainly based on the understanding of the type of the external stimuli that influences the reaction time to a greater degree (6). Three types of stimulus have been considered in this case Visual Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli and Tactile stimuli.
Thus, the research question for this study can be expressed as follows:
RQ1: Is there any significant difference in the reaction times of the three types of external stimuli, namely, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli and Tactile stimuli.
The research hypothesis that can be framed in order to conduct this study is given as follows:
Null Hypothesis: There are no significant difference in the reaction times to the three types of external stimuli, namely, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli and Tactile stimuli.
Alternate Hypothesis: There are significant differences in the reaction times to the three types of external stimuli, namely, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli and Tactile stimuli.
Data Collection
The data has been collected from 120 first year science students from Murdoch University. The age of the students ranged between 17 to 65 years. 120 students were divided into three different groups in equal number and were exposed to the three different types of external stimuli mentioned. Each participant had three trial runs and the reaction time of the participants to complete the task were recorded. Three different trials were considered so that there is no effect of practise or forewarning on the results obtained.
This analysis is based on the difference in the reaction time taken by the participants to the different types of stimuli. There are three different types of stimuli involved in this study namely, visual, auditory and tactile. The average reaction time taken by the participants exposed to three different types of external stimuli will be shown graphically with the help of a bar graph to compare the differences in the reaction time. With the help of the bar graph, the differences in the reaction time (if any) can be understood clearly. The error bars in the bar graph will indicate the variation in the data.
The bar graph given below, in figure 1, shows the average reaction time of the participants to different types of stimuli such as auditory, visual and tactile. As can be seen from the graph, the average reaction time to the three types of stimuli are not much different from each other. However, it can also be seen that the average reaction time to the auditory stimuli is a little more than the other types of stimuli. The visual stimuli have recorded the minimum average reaction time. The variation in the reaction time of the visual stimuli from the average reaction time has also been observed the minimum. However, there is not much difference in the variation in the reaction times from the average for auditory and tactile stimulus. As observed from the analysis, the reaction times to the three different types of stimulus with the deviation from the average reaction time is given in the following table.
Table 1: Table showing the average reaction time and the variation in the data
|
Stimulus Type |
Average Reaction Time |
Variation in Reaction Time |
|
Visual Stimulus |
16.53 |
6.57 |
|
Auditory Stimulus |
17.51 |
12.35 |
|
Tactile Stimulus |
17.01 |
10.41 |
References
- Ng AW, Chan AH. Finger response times to visual, auditory and tactile modality stimuli. InProceedings of the international multiconference of engineers and computer scientists 2012 Mar (Vol. 2, pp. 1449-1454).
- Shelton J, Kumar GP. Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience & Medicine. 2010 Sep 1;1(1):30-2.
- Polzella DJ, Ramsey EG, Bower SM. The effects of brief variable foreperiods on simple reaction time. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 1989 May 1;27(5):467-9.
- Goswami U. Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia: three challenges for research. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2015 Jan;16(1):43.
- McGinley MJ, David SV, McCormick DA. Cortical membrane potential signature of optimal states for sensory signal detection. Neuron. 2015 Jul 1;87(1):179-92.
- Stewart CR, Sanchez SS, Grenesko EL, Brown CM, Chen CP, Keehn B, Velasquez F, Lincoln AJ, Müller RA. Sensory symptoms and processing of nonverbal auditory and visual stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2016 May 1;46(5):1590-601.
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