Various statistical tests in SPSS or PSPP

Question 1

In addition to collecting data from students in the current semester, data was also collected using the same questionnaire from students in the semesters of January 2018 and July 2018. We would like to compare the 3 cohorts of students in terms of their self-reported Age, Gender, and Programme of study with the aim of generalizing any findings from the current analyses to students in January 2018 and July 2018.

1. Apply your understanding of the various statistical tests and recommend the most appropriate tests for the comparisons described above. Do elaborate on the reasons why you think a particular statistical test is appropriate or inappropriate instead of just stating the statistical test to be conducted.
2. Formulate the necessary hypotheses and analyse using the statistical tests you recommended above in PSPP/SPSS and interpret and report the results to answer if the findings from the current analysis can be generalised to students in earlier cohorts in APA format. Include all important steps in the analysis and report all necessary statistics and results. Also please cut and paste your PSPP/SPSS output into your answer to demonstrate that you have used PSPP/SPSS.

Question 2

It has been suggested that the level of Flourishing is related to the level of Perceived Stress.

1. Formulate the necessary hypotheses and use PSPP/SPSS to analyse the data using both
1. Pearson’s correlation and
2. linear regression (with Flourishing as the predictor and Perceived Stress as the outcome variable). Interpret and report the results to determine if the above suggestion is supported by the data in APA format.

Note 1: Include all important steps in the analysis and report all necessary statistics and results. Also please cut and paste your PSPP/SPSS output into your answer to demonstrate that you have used PSPP/SPSS.

Note 2: Refer to the following websites, respectively, to get details on how to score Flourishing scale and 4-item Perceived Stress Scale: http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/scales.html

2. Examine the results and identify one problem with the above analyses. Recommend how the problem can be handled. Do explain how you come to identify the problem and cut and paste any necessary PSPP/SPSS outputs to support your explanation.
3. Analyse the data again with linear regression after handling the problem identified in part b. Construct the regression equation and apply the equation to predict the Perceived Stress score of someone who has a score of 35 for Flourishing. Please cut and paste your PSPP/SPSS output into your answer to demonstrate that you have used PSPP/SPSS. Round off the final answer of any calculation to 2 decimal places.

Question 3

Students in July 2018 and January 2019 were randomly assigned to 2 conditions. For each condition, students were given a short vignette describing an outbreak of a new disease that can kill 600 people. They were then provided with descriptions of 2 treatment programs, A & B, based on positive or negative framing and asked which they favoured.

In the ‘Gain’ condition, the choices were positively framed, e.g. how many lives will be saved. In the ‘Loss’ condition, the choices were negatively framed, e.g. how many people will die. The Framing effects suggested that people are more likely to favour Treatment A when it is positively framed as compared to when it is negatively framed.

Note: For more information on gain and loss frames and framing effects, please refer to the first study of the following paper: https://psych.hanover.edu/classes/cognition/papers/tversky81.pdf

1. Fear of Statistics is a potential confounding variable for the above experiment. A successful random Course Helps to ensure that there will be minimal differences in Fear of Statistics between students assigned to Gain and Loss conditions. Recommend an appropriate test that can be used to examine if the random assignment is successful. Do elaborate on the reasons why you think a particular statistical test is appropriate or inappropriate instead of just stating the statistical test to be conducted.
2. Formulate the necessary hypotheses and use the statistical test you recommended in part a in PSPP/SPSS. Interpret and report the results to determine if the random assignment was successful in APA format. Please cut and paste your PSPP/SPSS output into your answer to demonstrate that you have used PSPP/SPSS. Round off the final answer to 2 decimal places.
3. Examine if the Framing effect is present, reporting your results in APA format. Please cut and paste your PSPP/SPSS output into your answer to demonstrate that you have used PSPP/SPSS. Round off the final answer to 2 decimal places.